- 作者：Gopitkumar Shah ; Guangjian Zhang ; Fanghong Chen ; YanLi Cao ; Balaraman Kalyanaraman ; William A. See
- 关键词：Bladder cancer ; iNOS ; NO ; BCG
- 刊名：Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations
- 出版年：January, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：32
- 期：1
- 页码：45.e1-45.e9
- 全文大小：548 K
Objectives
Evidence suggests that oxidative stress occurring as a consequence of inducible nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide (iNOS/NO) contributes to the biologic effects of bacille Calmette-Gu茅rin (BCG). Objective of this study is to examine iNOS expression, NO production, and the biologic effect of NO on established intermediate end points for the human urothelial carcinoma cell response to BCG.Materials and methods
Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and real-time measurement of NO was used to assess iNOS and NO production, respectively, in 2 human urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell lines, in response to BCG. The effect of blocking NO production using the specific iNOS inhibitor 1400W was determined for multiple intermediate end points characterizing BCG鈥檚 direct effects on tumor cell biology. Activation of nuclear factor kappa B and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 signaling pathways, transactivation of genes, including p21, CD54, IL6, IL8, CXCL1, CXCL3, CCL20, and cytotoxicity, as measured by vital dye exclusion, lactate dehydrogenase release, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay were measured in response to BCG with and without iNOS inhibition.
Results
Exposure of UC cells to BCG significantly increased both iNOS expression and NO production. Inhibition of iNOS activity with 1400W significantly inhibited BCG鈥檚 direct biologic effect on UC cells for all of the end points evaluated.
Conclusions
iNOS expression, NO production, and the associated oxidative stress play a central role in the response of UC cells to BCG exposure. Manipulation of oxidative stress may afford an opportunity to enhance the antitumor effects of BCG.