Contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in breast milk in Korea: Time-course variation, influencing factors, and exposure assessment

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• 作者：Sunggyu Lee ; Sunmi Kim ; Hyun-Kyung Lee ; In-Seok Lee ; Jeongim Park ; Hai-Joong Kim ; Jeong Jae Lee ; Gyuyeon Choi ; Sooran Choi ; Sungjoo Kim ; Su Young Kim ; Kyungho Choi ; Sungkyoon Kim ; Hyo-Bang Moon
• 关键词：Lactation ; Estimated daily intake ; Health risk ; Threshold value ; Chlordane
• 刊名：Chemosphere
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：November, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：93
• 期：8
• 页码：1578-1585
• 全文大小：447 K

文摘

Breast milk is a noninvasive specimen to assess maternal and infant exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). In this study, 206 breast milk samples were collected from 87 participants during lactation, at <7, 15, 30, or 90 days postpartum in four cities in Korea. The total concentrations of PCBs (¦²PCB) and OCPs (¦²OCP) ranged from <LOQ to 84.0 (median: 12.1) ng g^?1 lipid weight and from <LOQ to 559 (median: 144) ng g^?1 lipid weight, respectively. The residue levels of these contaminants measured in our study were relatively lower than those reported for European, African and Asian populations. Within a month postpartum typically after day seven the levels of ¦²PCB and ¦²OCP significantly increased. Some OCP compounds were correlated with maternal age, BMI, parity, and delivery mode. Certain types of dietary habits such as seafood and noodle consumption were significantly associated with ¦²PCB and ¦²OCP. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of ¦²PCB and ¦²OCP were 45.2-127 ng kg^?1 bw day^?1 and 625-1259 ng kg^?1 bw day^?1 during lactation, respectively, which are lower than the threshold values proposed by the US EPA and Health Canada. The exposure of Korean infants to chlordanes via breast milk had a potential health risk which deserves further investigation.