A trade-off between the light response of the top and bottom cell is achieved.
The light control mechanism was identified through experimentation and simulation.
A finely textured SnO2:F substrate enhances short-wavelength light coupling.
A coarsely textured ZnO:Al substrate improves long-wavelength light scattering.
An n-type 渭c-SiOx intermediate reflector can improve the Jsc of the top cell.