Organochlorine compounds, nitro musks and perfluorinated substances in breast milk - Results from Bavarian Monitoring of Breast Milk 2007/8

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• 作者：Ulla Raab ; Michael Albrecht ; Ursula Preiss ; Wolfgang V?lkel ; Ursula Schwegler ; Hermann Fromme
• 关键词：Breast milk ; Biomonitoring ; Chlorinated and fluorinated POPs ; Infant exposure
• 刊名：Chemosphere
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：September, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：93
• 期：3
• 页码：461-467
• 全文大小：334 K

文摘

The aim of the Bavarian Monitoring of Breast Milk (BAMBI) project was to examine 10 organochlorine pesticides (OPs), 3 nitro musks, 6 indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 7 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 10 polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 12 dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs) and several perfluorinated alkyl compounds in breast milk samples. A total of 516 breast milk samples were collected from seven regions in Bavaria and were analyzed by means of GC/ECD, GC/HRMS, and LC/MS-MS.

Concerning the OPs, only hexachlorobenzene and a metabolite of DDT, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p¡ä-DDE), could be quantified in all samples (median: 16 ng g^?1 lipid and 63 ng g^?1 lipid, respectively). Median concentrations of 150 ng g^?1 lipid (range: 3-1900 ng g^?1 lipid) were found for the sum of the indicator PCBs. The concentrations of the PCDDs/PCDFs and the dl-PCBs ranged from 0.8 to 15.1 (median 5.7) pg WHO-TEQ₁₉₉₈ g^?1 lipid and from 1.5 to 18.9 pg (median 6.4) WHO-TEQ₁₉₉₈ g^?1 lipid, respectively. The median perfluorooctane sulfonate concentration was 0.05 ¦Ìg L^?1 (range: <0.02-0.26 ¦Ìg L), while the other PFCs were observed only in a subset of samples.

On the basis of the median and 95th percentile concentration, ¡°medium¡± and ¡°high¡± intake levels were estimated for a 3-month-old exclusively breastfed infant. In particular, ¡°medium¡± and ¡°high¡± intake levels were calculated of 69 and 133 pg WHO₁₉₉₈ TEQ kg^?1 b.w. for PCDDs/PCDFs, 8 and 21 ng kg^?1 b.w. for dl-PCBs, and 6 and 25 ng kg^?1 b.w. for perfluorooctane sulfonate, respectively.

The calculated intake for perfluorinated substances is clearly below the tolerable daily intake (TDI), while the established TDI values are still clearly exceeded for PCDDs/PCDFs and dl-PCBs.