Mantle structure is related to large-scale gravity anomalies, tectonism, and magmatism.
Present-day degree-2 mantle structure results from the last 100-150 Myrs subduction.
Pangea assembly and breakup may imply different mantle structure in the Phanerozoic.
African and Pacific LLSVPs may display significant mobility over time.
Degree-1 and -2 mantle convection is generated dynamically self-consistently.