Errors in causal inference: an organizational schema for systematic error and random error
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- 作者：Etsuji Suzuki ; MD ; PhDa ; etsuji-s@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author ; Toshihide Tsuda ; MD ; PhDb ; Toshiharu Mitsuhashi ; MD ; PhDc ; Mohammad Ali Mansournia ; MD ; MPH ; PhDd ; Eiji Yamamoto ; PhDe
- 关键词：Bias ; Causality ; Epidemiologic methods
- 刊名：Annals of Epidemiology
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：November 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：26
- 期：11
- 页码：788-793.e1
- 全文大小：424 K
文摘
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We divided systematic error into structural error and analytic error.
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Structural error is defined from the perspective of counterfactual reasoning.
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Structural error is divided into nonexchangeability bias and measurement bias.
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Many forms of analytic error result from the small-sample properties of estimators.
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Our schema shows four major sources of random error.