The study population consisted of 1618 apparently healthy Finnish young adults (aged 30–45 years, 44.9 % males) whose apolipoproteins, other cardiovascular risk factors and PWV were measured in 2007. In a sub-sample population, apolipoproteins and other cardiovascular risk factors had also been measured in 2001 (n = 1264). PWV measurements were performed using a whole-body impedance cardiography device.
ApoB (p < 0.001) and the ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio (p < 0.001) were directly associated with PWV. ApoB and the ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio measured in young adulthood were also predictive of PWV measured 6 later (p < 0.001 for both). These relations remained significant (p < 0.006) in models adjusted for non-lipid risk factors. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) were similar for ApoB and non-HDL cholesterol (2001: p for AUC comparison = 0.15; 2007: p for AUC comparison = 0.07) in detecting subjects with increased PWV (PWV ≥ 90th percentile).
The present study suggests that elevation of ApoB or non-HDL cholesterol is associated with increased arterial stiffness in young adults.