Calcineurin Inhibitor Treatment of Intravenous Immunoglobulin-Resistant Kawasaki Disease

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• 作者：Adriana H. Tremoulet ; MD¹ ; Paige Pancoast ; PharmD¹ ; Alessandra Franco ; MD ; PhD¹ ; Matthew Bujold ; BS¹ ; Chisato Shimizu ; MD¹ ; Yoshihiro Onouchi ; MD² ; Alyson Tamamoto ; BS³ ; Guliz Erdem ; MD³ ; Debra Dodd ; MD⁴ ; Jane C. Burns ; MD¹
• 关键词：AUC ; Area under the concentration-time curve ; CRP ; C-reactive protein ; CSA ; Cyclosporine ; IL ; Interleukin ; IV ; Intravenous ; IVIG ; Intravenous immunoglobulin ; KD ; Kawasaki disease ; NFAT ; Nuclear factor of activated T cell ; SNP ; Single nucleotide polymorphi
• 刊名：The Journal of Pediatrics
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：September, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：161
• 期：3
• 页码：506-512.e1
• 全文大小：484 K

文摘

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Objective

To describe the clinical course and outcome of 10 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) treated with a calcineurin inhibitor after failing to respond to multiple therapies.

Study design

Demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected using standardized case report forms. T-cell phenotypes were determined by flow cytometry, and KD risk alleles in ITPKC (rs28493229), CASP3 (rs72689236), and FCGR2A (rs1801274) were genotyped.

Results

Intravenous followed by oral therapy with cyclosporine (CSA) or oral tacrolimus was well tolerated and resulted in defervescence and resolution of inflammation in all 10 patients. There were no serious adverse events, and a standardized treatment protocol was developed based on our experiences with this patient population. Analysis of T-cell phenotype by flow cytometry in 2 subjects showed a decrease in circulating activated CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T effector memory cells after treatment with CSA. However, suppression of regulatory T-cells was not seen, suggesting targeting of specific, proinflammatory T-cell compartments by CSA.

Conclusion

Treatment of refractory KD with a calcineurin inhibitor appears to be a safe and effective approach that achieves rapid control of inflammation associated with clinical improvement.