Valeric acid is used in variety of industrial target compounds and pharmaceuticals.
Water has been used as green solvent in place of hazardous organic solvents.
Non-toxic Ce(IV) has been selected as the oxidizing source in comparison to Cr(VI), Fe(VI), and Pb(IV).
The incorporation of active species Ce(SO4)2 + and valeraldehyde into the stern layer of micelles is reported the first time.
Ru(III) in association with CTAB micelle exhibited a dramatic ~ 330 fold rate enhancement.