Tacrolimus intake was prospectively monitored using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Recipients qualified as adherent if a timing-adherence score of ?0 % was reached. Patients' characteristics and possible risk factors for NA were collected using the Karnofsky Performance Index, Self-Care Agency ASA Scale, State¨CTrait Anxiety Inventory, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, and the Long-Term Medication Behavior Self-Efficacy Scale.
Ninety-one recipients used MEMS for a median of 95 days (range 50 to 124 days) and were included. They showed a median timing-adherence score of 98.1 % (range 31.2 % to 100 % ). A timing-adherence score of ?0 % was seen in 92.3 % of the recipients. Multiple logistic regression showed an association of lower timing-adherence scores with younger age and lower ability of self-care.
Adherence to immunosuppressive therapy was very high in lung transplant recipients. Only 7.7 % of the recipients were non-adherent. Younger recipients and recipients with lower ability of self-care appeared to be at risk for NA. Follow-up of clinical data is needed to determine whether NA is associated with poorer outcome, specifically bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome.