BWD was characterized by Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Our result showed that BWD contains crystalline metal NPs.
Two different protocols for CBMN assay were used to study of genotoxicity of BWD.
We found significantly increased frequency of MNBNCs after 48 h exposure of BWD (with 10% of foetal calf serum in culture media) at the concentration 3 µg/cm2.