A multi-analytical methodology of lithic residue analysis applied to Paleolithic tools from Hummal, Syria
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- 作者：Gilliane F. Monnier ; Thomas C. Hauck ; Joshua M. Feinberg ; Bing Luo ; Jean-Marie Le Tensorer ; Heba al Sakhel
- 关键词：Lithic residue analysis ; Middle Paleolithic ; Syria ; Microscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy ; Fourier transform infrared microscopy ; Confocal Raman microscopy ; X-ray diffraction
- 刊名：Journal of Archaeological Science
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：October, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：40
- 期：10
- 页码：3722-3739
- 全文大小：8282 K
文摘
Lithic residue analysis is traditionally based upon the morphological identification of microresidues preserved on the surfaces of stone tools. In order to improve the reliability of these identifications, we apply multiple techniques beyond morphological description to characterize the residues on stone tools from Hummal, Syria. We first document the residues using visible light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and then characterize them using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared microscopy, and confocal Raman microscopy. Our analyses confirm that some of the residues are bitumen. X-ray diffraction analysis of associated sediments is used to identify the other residues.