In this paper, we study the Cauchy problem for a two-component higher order Camassa–Holm systems with fractional inertia operator an id="mmlsi1" class="mathmlsrc"><a title="View the MathML source" class="mathImg" data-mathURL="/science?_ob=MathURL&_method=retrieve&_eid=1-s2.0-S1468121816300451&_mathId=si1.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S1468121816300451&_rdoc=1&_issn=14681218&md5=0f19a67b136cdec0470ce58b0a146307">ass="imgLazyJSB inlineImage" height="16" width="121" alt="View the MathML source" title="View the MathML source" src="/sd/grey_pxl.gif" data-inlimgeid="1-s2.0-S1468121816300451-si1.gif">a>an class="mathContainer hidden">an class="mathCode">ath altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll">A=row>row>(1−row>∂row>row>xrow>row>2row>)row>row>row>rrow>,r≥1ath>an>an>an>, which was proposed by Escher and Lyons (2015). By the transport equation theory and Littlewood–Paley decomposition, we confirm the local well-posedness of solutions for the system in nonhomogeneous Besov spaces an id="mmlsi2" class="mathmlsrc"><a title="View the MathML source" class="mathImg" data-mathURL="/science?_ob=MathURL&_method=retrieve&_eid=1-s2.0-S1468121816300451&_mathId=si2.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S1468121816300451&_rdoc=1&_issn=14681218&md5=0f3b3f14051ca29a58c90ade95feb1f5">ass="imgLazyJSB inlineImage" height="19" width="92" alt="View the MathML source" title="View the MathML source" src="/sd/grey_pxl.gif" data-inlimgeid="1-s2.0-S1468121816300451-si2.gif">a>an class="mathContainer hidden">an class="mathCode">ath altimg="si2.gif" overflow="scroll">row>Brow>row>p,qrow>row>srow>×row>Brow>row>p,qrow>row>s−2r+1row>ath>an>an>an> with an id="mmlsi3" class="mathmlsrc">an class="formulatext stixSupport mathImg" data-mathURL="/science?_ob=MathURL&_method=retrieve&_eid=1-s2.0-S1468121816300451&_mathId=si3.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S1468121816300451&_rdoc=1&_issn=14681218&md5=d5b440893cca169d2d226ab9ffd89f04" title="Click to view the MathML source">1≤p,q≤+∞an>an class="mathContainer hidden">an class="mathCode">ath altimg="si3.gif" overflow="scroll">1≤p,q≤+∞ath>an>an>an> and the Besov index an id="mmlsi4" class="mathmlsrc"><a title="View the MathML source" class="mathImg" data-mathURL="/science?_ob=MathURL&_method=retrieve&_eid=1-s2.0-S1468121816300451&_mathId=si4.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S1468121816300451&_rdoc=1&_issn=14681218&md5=5de5f663e72d2dd24c54e8938da0cb04">ass="imgLazyJSB inlineImage" height="26" width="178" alt="View the MathML source" title="View the MathML source" src="/sd/grey_pxl.gif" data-inlimgeid="1-s2.0-S1468121816300451-si4.gif">a>an class="mathContainer hidden">an class="mathCode">ath altimg="si4.gif" overflow="scroll">s>maxrow>{2r+ac>row>1row>row>prow>ac>,2r+1−ac>row>1row>row>prow>ac>}row>ath>an>an>an>. Moreover, we demonstrate the local well-posedness in the critical Besov space an id="mmlsi5" class="mathmlsrc"><a title="View the MathML source" class="mathImg" data-mathURL="/science?_ob=MathURL&_method=retrieve&_eid=1-s2.0-S1468121816300451&_mathId=si5.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S1468121816300451&_rdoc=1&_issn=14681218&md5=abbc99096d69a12da3ccdea3064735d1">ass="imgLazyJSB inlineImage" height="26" width="78" alt="View the MathML source" title="View the MathML source" src="/sd/grey_pxl.gif" data-inlimgeid="1-s2.0-S1468121816300451-si5.gif">a>an class="mathContainer hidden">an class="mathCode">ath altimg="si5.gif" overflow="scroll">row>Brow>row>2,1row>row>2r+ac>row>1row>row>2row>ac>row>×row>Brow>row>2,1row>row>ac>row>3row>row>2row>ac>row>ath>an>an>an>. On the other hand, the propagation behavior of compactly supported solutions is examined, namely whether solutions which are initially compactly supported will retain this property throughout their time of evolution. Finally, we also establish the persistence properties of the solutions to the two-component Camassa–Holm equation with an id="mmlsi6" class="mathmlsrc">an class="formulatext stixSupport mathImg" data-mathURL="/science?_ob=MathURL&_method=retrieve&_eid=1-s2.0-S1468121816300451&_mathId=si6.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S1468121816300451&_rdoc=1&_issn=14681218&md5=8d71c45f429827a9ac45c09d423027de" title="Click to view the MathML source">r=1an>an class="mathContainer hidden">an class="mathCode">ath altimg="si6.gif" overflow="scroll">r=1ath>an>an>an> in weighted an id="mmlsi7" class="mathmlsrc"><a title="View the MathML source" class="mathImg" data-mathURL="/science?_ob=MathURL&_method=retrieve&_eid=1-s2.0-S1468121816300451&_mathId=si7.gif&_user=111111111&_pii=S1468121816300451&_rdoc=1&_issn=14681218&md5=2480ec2e052b26330a4bb67834d19f24">ass="imgLazyJSB inlineImage" height="19" width="134" alt="View the MathML source" title="View the MathML source" src="/sd/grey_pxl.gif" data-inlimgeid="1-s2.0-S1468121816300451-si7.gif">a>an class="mathContainer hidden">an class="mathCode">ath altimg="si7.gif" overflow="scroll">row>Lrow>row>ϕrow>row>prow>:=row>Lrow>row>prow>row>(athvariant="double-struck">R,row>ϕrow>row>prow>row>(x)row>dx)row>ath>an>an>an> spaces for a large class of moderate weights.