For extrinsic hand muscles, agonist–antagonist resting thresholds predict the nature of cTBS induced plasticity.
Individuals with similar FCR-ECR resting thresholds demonstrated the expected post-cTBS suppression of FCR excitability.
Individuals with larger resting thresholds disparities showed less suppression and even enhancement of FCR MEPs post-cTBS.
Concurrent contraction with cTBS consistently suppressed ECR cortical excitability regardless of resting thresholds.
Resting state interactions need to be accounted for when predicting intervention outcomes in motor cortex.