Oxidation and reduction of aristolochic acid I (AAI) dictate its (geno)toxicity in vivo.
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and 1A2 are induced in rats treated with Sudan I and AAI.
Induced CYP1A enzyme activity resulted in decreased AAI-DNA adduct levels in vivo.
CYP1A1 and 1A2 mainly detoxify AAI and attenuate its genotoxicity in vivo.