Levels of NOx increase with traffic exposure across spatial and temporal scales.
Levels of NOx at the South Entrance of GCNP appeared to be concentrated within 15 m of the roadside.
Confier foliage closest to the roadside was isotopically closer to expected δ15N of vehicular emissions.
Areas that display N deposition gradients should be studied to understand impacts of N deposition in semi-arid ecosystems.