Effect of ZnO growth time on the properties and performance of TiO2–ZnO DSSC has been investigated.
Morphology of TiO2–ZnO core–shell changes from nanograss to nanoparticles at the growth time of 12 h.
Optical absorption increases with the growth time and then decreases at the growth time of 6 h.
The highest efficiency, 畏 of 0.622% was achieved at the growth time of 3 h.