The removal of pharmaceuticals in nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) was studied.
Nitrifying activity increases biotransformation rate of ibuprofen and naproxen.
Hydroxylation of ibuprofen by ammonia monooxygenase of ammonia oxidizing bacteria
Heterotrophic activity enhances biotransformation of sulfamethoxazole in NAS.
Recalcitrance of trimethoprim, diclofenac, carbamazepine and diazepam in NAS