Twenty BONJ (after zoledronate treatment) and 20 control mucoperiosteal tissue samples were processed with an autostaining-based alkaline phosphatase-antialkaline phosphatase staining kit. Vascularization was assessed by CD31 staining and angiogenesis-related neovessels by CD105 staining. The ratio of stained capillary area to total area of visible field was assessed. Statistics included Bonferroni adjustment.
CD31-stained microvessels were detected in each section and CD105-stained neovessels in each control. BONJ-adjacent mucoperiosteal tissue showed significantly fewer CD105-positive vessels in capillary areas (P < .05) than control samples. CD31-stained capillary area was not significantly reduced in mucoperiosteal BONJ-samples.
Angiogenesis is impaired in BONJ-related mucoperiosteal tissue, but vascularization remains unaffected. Vessel remodeling and neovessel formation is delayed in BONJ, resulting in impaired tissue regeneration of bisphosphonate-exposed oral mucosa.