- 作者：Lars Barregard ; Elisabeth Fabricius-Lagging ; Thomas Lundh ; Johan Mö ; lne ; Maria Wallin ; Michael Olausson ; Cecilia Modigh ; Gerd Sallsten
- 关键词：Cadmium ; Mercury ; Lead ; Kidney ; Donor
- 刊名：Environmental Research
- 出版年：2010
- 出版时间：January 2010
- 年：2010
- 卷：110
- 期：1
- 页码：47-54
- 全文大小：258 K
BackgroundMost current knowledge on kidney concentrations of nephrotoxic metals like cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), or lead (Pb) comes from autopsy studies. Assessment of metal concentrations in kidney biopsies from living subjects can be combined with information about exposure sources like smoking, diet, and occupation supplied by the biopsied subjects themselves.Objectives
To determine kidney concentrations of Cd, Hg, and Pb in living kidney donors, and assess associations with common exposure sources and background factors.
Methods
Metal concentrations were determined in 109 living kidney donors aged 24–70 years (median 51), using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (Cd and Pb) and cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry (Hg). Smoking habits, occupation, dental amalgam, fish consumption, and iron stores were evaluated.
Results
The median kidney concentrations were 12.9 μg/g (wet weight) for cadmium, 0.21 μg/g for mercury, and 0.08 μg/g for lead. Kidney Cd increased by 3.9 μg/g for a 10 year increase in age, and by 3.7 μg/g for an extra 10 pack-years of smoking. Levels in non-smokers were similar to those found in the 1970s. Low iron stores (low serum ferritin) in women increased kidney Cd by 4.5 μg/g. Kidney Hg increased by 6 % for every additional amalgam surface, but was not associated with fish consumption. Lead was unaffected by the background factors surveyed.
Conclusions
In Sweden, kidney Cd levels have decreased due to less smoking, while the impact of diet seems unchanged. Dental amalgam is the main determinant of kidney Hg. Kidney Pb levels are very low due to decreased exposure.