文摘
A case study demonstration of life cycle optimization with focus on building envelope. Both embodied energy (EE) and operational energy (OE) is included in optimization. The difference in the optimized results when using OE+EE together and OE only were analyzed. Many of OE+EE optimal solutions are indicated by higher U-value, compared to OE optimization. Among the optimal solutions, the EE share ranges from 16 to 23% of life cycle energy.