Coal seam gas and associated water: A review paper

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• 作者：Ihsan Hamawand ; Talal Yusaf ; ^{yusaft@usq.edu.au} ; ^{talaloo@hotmail.com} ; Sara G. Hamawand
• 关键词：Coalbed methane ; Coal seam gas ; CSG impact ; CSG co-produced water ; CSG water management
• 刊名：Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：June, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：22
• 期：Complete
• 页码：550-560
• 全文大小：323 K

文摘

Coalbed methane (CBM) or coal seam gas (CSG) as it is known in Australia is becoming an increasingly important source of energy around the world. Many countries such as United States, Canada, Australia and China are investing in the CSG industry. A rise in the cost of conventional natural gas and many other energy resources, along with a decline in these conventional resources and issues such as climate change have encouraged a global interest in alternative sources of energy like CSG. The estimated quantity of CSG worldwide is around 1.4¡Á10¹⁴ m³, it is clear that coal seam gas is a significant source of energy. The first section of this paper will discuss the production size of CSG worldwide and the future of the industry. The usage of the coal bed seam for the sequestration of CO₂ is also an added benefit. The reduction of CO₂ released to the environment may help in the future mitigation of global warming. In addition, the re-injecting of the co-produced CO₂ enhances the commercial recovery and production of CSG wells. In the second section, the impact of the CSG industry's by-products on the environment, the freshwater ecosystem and human health are analysed. The second section includes issues associated with the large volume of co-produced water with undesirable composition in the CSG industry. The management of this enormous amount of water requires cost effective technologies and methods. Many methods for dealing with water problems are discussed and analysed in this paper.