Feasibility and effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine in an urban endemic setting in Bangladesh: a cluster randomised open-label trial

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• 作者：Dr Firdausi Qadri ; PhD<sup>asup><sup> ; sup><sup>fqadri@icddrb.org" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding authorsup> ; Mohammad Ali ; PhD<sup>dsup> ; Fahima Chowdhury ; MPH<sup>asup> ; Ashraful Islam Khan ; PhD<sup>asup> ; Amit Saha ; MMed<sup>asup> ; Iqbal Ansary Khan ; MSc<sup>asup> ; Yasmin A Begum ; PhD<sup>asup> ; Taufiqur R Bhuiyan ; PhD<sup>asup> ; Mohiul Islam Chowdhury ; MPH<sup>asup> ; Md Jasim Uddin ; PhD<sup>asup> ; Jahangir A M Khan ; PhD<sup>asup> ; Atique Iqbal Chowdhury ; MSc<sup>asup> ; Anisur Rahman ; MSc<sup>asup> ; Shah Alam Siddique ; MPH<sup>asup> ; Muhammad Asaduzzaman ; MBBS<sup>asup> ; Afroza Akter ; MBBS<sup>asup> ; Arifuzzaman Khan ; MBBS<sup>asup> ; Young Ae You ; MS<sup>csup> ; Ashraf Uddin Siddik ; MSS<sup>asup> ; Nirod Chandra Saha ; MSc<sup>asup> ; Alamgir Kabir ; MSc<sup>asup> ; Baizid Khoorshid Riaz ; MBBS<sup>bsup> ; Shwapon Kumar Biswas ; MPH<sup>asup> ; Farzana Begum ; MPH<sup>asup> ; Leanne Unicomb ; PhD<sup>asup> ; Prof Stephen P Luby ; MD<sup>esup> ; Prof Alejandro Cravioto ; PhD<sup>csup> ; Prof John D Clemens ; MD<sup>asup><sup> ; sup><sup>fsup>
• 刊名：The Lancet
• 出版年：2015
• 出版时间：3-9 October 2015
• 年：2015
• 卷：386
• 期：10001
• 页码：1362-1371
• 全文大小：536 K

文摘

Cholera is endemic in Bangladesh with epidemics occurring each year. The decision to use a cheap oral killed whole-cell cholera vaccine to control the disease depends on the feasibility and effectiveness of vaccination when delivered in a public health setting. We therefore assessed the feasibility and protective effect of delivering such a vaccine through routine government services in urban Bangladesh and evaluated the benefit of adding behavioural interventions to encourage safe drinking water and hand washing to vaccination in this setting.

sSec_2">Methods

spara120">We did this cluster-randomised open-label trial in Dhaka, Bangladesh. We randomly assigned 90 clusters (1:1:1) to vaccination only, vaccination and behavioural change, or no intervention. The primary outcome was overall protective effectiveness, assessed as the risk of severely dehydrating cholera during 2 years after vaccination for all individuals present at time of the second dose. This study is registered with <span id="interrefs10" class="interref" data-locatorType="url" data-locatorKey="http://ClinicalTrials.gov">ClinicalTrials.govspan>, number <span id="interrefs20" class="interref" data-locatorType="ctgov" data-locatorKey="NCT01339845">NCT01339845span>.

sSec_3">Findings

spara130">Of 268鈥?96 people present at baseline, we analysed 267鈥?70: 94鈥?75 assigned to vaccination only, 92鈥?39 assigned to vaccination and behavioural change, and 80鈥?56 assigned to non-intervention. Vaccine coverage was 65% in the vaccination only group and 66% in the vaccination and behavioural change group. Overall protective effectiveness was 37% (95% CI lower bound 18%; p=0·002) in the vaccination group and 45% (95% CI lower bound 24%; p=0·001) in the vaccination and behavioural change group. We recorded no vaccine-related serious adverse events.

sSec_4">Interpretation

spara140">Our findings provide the first indication of the effect of delivering an oral killed whole-cell cholera vaccine to poor urban populations with endemic cholera using routine government services and will help policy makers to formulate vaccination strategies to reduce the burden of severely dehydrating cholera in such populations.

sSec_5">Funding

spara150">Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.