The Luojiahe Cu deposit underwent primary VMS stage (I) and metamorphic stage (II).
The Stage I fluids consist dominantly of evolved seawater and some magmatic fluids.
The Stage I mineralization results from fluid mixing of evolved and surface seawater.
The reaction of H2O-graphite results in the generation of CH4 and Cu precipitation at Stage II.
Graphite was derived from sedimentary organic matter in seafloor hydrothermal vent system.