Effects of three diamides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) on life history, embryonic development and oxidative stress biomarkers of Daphnia magna
Diamide insecticides affected survival, reproduction and growth of D. magna. Diamide insecticides induced severe developmental abnormalities in D. magna embryos. Diamide insecticides provoked oxidative stress in D. magna. Even low levels of diamide insecticides pose ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems.