Human plasma lipocalins and serum albumin: Plasma alternative carriers?

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• 作者：Alessandra di Masi^a ; ^b ; ^{alessandra.dimasi@uniroma3.it" class="auth_mail" title="E-mail the corresponding author} ; Viviana Trezza^a ; Loris Leboffe^a ; ^b ; Paolo Ascenzi^b ; ^c
• 关键词：AGP ; α-1-acid glycoprotein ; apoD ; apolipoprotein D ; CF ; cystic fibrosis ; CMPF ; 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid ; DIS ; di-iodosalicylic acid ; FA ; fatty acid ; FABP ; fatty acid-binding protein ; Gd ; glycodelin ; HDL ; high density lipoproteins ; HSA ; human serum albumin ; LCAT ; lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase ; LDL ; low density lipoprotein ; NGAL ; neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin ; NPC ; Niemann&ndash ; Pick type C disease ; RA ; retinoic acid ; RBP ; retinol-binding protein ; SCR
• 刊名：Journal of Controlled Release
• 出版年：2016
• 出版时间：28 April 2016
• 年：2016
• 卷：228
• 期：Complete
• 页码：191-205
• 全文大小：1475 K

文摘

Lipocalins are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins that bind and transport a variety of exogenous and endogenous ligands. Lipocalins share a conserved eight anti-parallel β-sheet structure. Among the different lipocalins identified in humans, α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), apolipoprotein D (apoD), apolipoprotein M (apoM), α1-microglobulin (α1-m) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) are plasma proteins. In particular, AGP is the most important transporter for basic and neutral drugs, apoD, apoM, and RBP mainly bind endogenous molecules such as progesterone, pregnenolone, bilirubin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and retinol, while α1-m binds the heme. Human serum albumin (HSA) is a monomeric all-α protein that binds endogenous and exogenous molecules like fatty acids, heme, and acidic drugs. Changes in the plasmatic levels of lipocalins and HSA are responsible for the onset of pathological conditions associated with an altered drug transport and delivery. This, however, does not necessary result in potential adverse effects in patients because many drugs can bind both HSA and lipocalins, and therefore mutual compensatory binding mechanisms can be hypothesized. Here, molecular and clinical aspects of ligand transport by plasma lipocalins and HSA are reviewed, with special attention to their role as alterative carriers in health and disease.