- 作者：Valeria Sal ; in ; Stefano De Castro ; Elena Cavarretta ; Loris Salvador ; Federica Papetti ; Carlo Valfrè ; Natesa G. P ; ian
- 关键词：3-dimensional echocardiography ; epicardial examination ; intraoperative echocardiography
- 刊名：Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
- 出版年：2010
- 出版时间：February 2010
- 年：2010
- 卷：24
- 期：1
- 页码：43-50
- 全文大小：2067 K
Objective
The aim of the present study was to suggest a simple and comprehensive method for performing real-time 3-dimensional (3D) epicardial echocardiography with a pediatric probe small enough for the surgical field. Intraoperative echocardiography is a necessary tool for planning and performing cardiac surgery. Although epicardial intraoperative echocardiography is intended for few patients, it is a part of an exhaustive approach to intraoperative echocardiography.Design
An observational feasibility study.
Setting
A community hospital, single-institutional study.
Participants
Eighty consecutive adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Interventions
All patients were examined with 3D epicardial echocardiography before and after cardiopulmonary bypass; x-plane, live 3D, and 3D full-volume imaging modalities were systematically recorded. Feasibility and acquisition time were assessed. The image quality was evaluated by 3 independent surgeons.
Measurements and Main Results
Four sequential positions were determined to achieve a complete 3D heart examination focused on the structure of most interest. Acquisition plus elaboration did not require more than 20 minutes.
Conclusions
Three-dimensional epicardial echocardiography is feasible, and in the x-plane modality it is quicker than standard epicardial 2-dimensional examination. According to the judgment of independent observers, it provides high-quality and reproducible images, which are particularly valuable for mitral valve repair.