Wipe sampling of amphetamine-type stimulants and recreational drugs on selected household surfaces with analysis by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
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- 作者：Sri Bharat Madireddy ; Vanaja Reddy Bodeddula ; Sravan Kumar Mansani ; Martha J.M. Wells1 ; Jeffrey O. Boles ; jboles@tntech.edu
- 关键词：Clandestine drug ; Wipe sampling ; Kitchen countertops ; Ultraperformance liquid ; Chromatography ; Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- 刊名：Journal of Hazardous Materials
- 出版年：2013
- 出版时间：15 June, 2013
- 年：2013
- 卷：254-255
- 期：Complete
- 页码：46-56
- 全文大小：3820 K
文摘
Sorption characteristics of eight drugs related to recreational and clandestine activity¡ªamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, N-formyl amphetamine, N-formyl methamphetamine, methamphetamine, 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), and pseudoephedrine¡ªwere evaluated on selected kitchen countertop surfaces. Methanol-dampened Whatman? 40 filter paper wipes were used to collect samples from eleven surfaces including alkyd resin, ceramic tiles, glass, granite, laminate, limestone, marble, quartz compac, quartz real, soap stone, and stainless steel. The filter paper wipes were analyzed by a rapid three-minute UPLC-QTOF method, following ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.8-6.2) extraction. The average percentage recoveries after 15 h of exposure to the surface materials tested, was found to be highest for cocaine and MDMA and lowest for amphetamine and methamphetamine. Among the eleven countertop surfaces, overall recoveries for marble were observed to be the least, whereas soapstone, quartz compac and stainless steel were among the highest. Scanning electron microscopic images of the surfaces provided a unique view of surface irregularities that potentially influenced drug recovery. Aging, migration, solvent composition, and volatility were examined. The variation in recovery of drugs was attributed to four key factors: compound volatility, surface composition, surface¡ªcompound interaction, and solvent composition.