TIERRAS: A package to simulate high energy cosmic ray showers underground, underwater and under-ice

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• 作者：Matí ; as Tueros ; Sergio Sciutto
• 关键词：Cosmic rays ; Underground laboratories ; Monte Carlo simulations ; Muon propagation
• 刊名：Computer Physics Communications
• 出版年：2010
• 出版时间：February 2010
• 年：2010
• 卷：181
• 期：2
• 页码：380-392
• 全文大小：1108 K

文摘

In this paper we present TIERRAS, a Monte Carlo simulation program based on the well-known AIRES air shower simulations system that enables the propagation of particle cascades underground, providing a tool to study particles arriving underground from a primary cosmic ray on the atmosphere or to initiate cascades directly underground and propagate them, exiting into the atmosphere if necessary. We show several cross-checks of its results against CORSIKA, FLUKA, GEANT and ZHS simulations and we make some considerations regarding its possible use and limitations. The first results of full underground shower simulations are presented, as an example of the package capabilities.

Program summary

Program title: TIERRAS for AIRES

Catalogue identifier: AEFO_v1_0

Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEFO_v1_0.html

Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland

Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html

No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 36 489

No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3 261 669

Distribution format: tar.gz

Programming language: Fortran 77 and C

Computer: PC, Alpha, IBM, HP, Silicon Graphics and Sun workstations

Operating system: Linux, DEC Unix, AIX, SunOS, Unix System V

RAM: 22 Mb bytes

Classification: 1.1

External routines: TIERRAS requires AIRES 2.8.4 to be installed on the system. AIRES 2.8.4 can be downloaded from http://www.fisica.unlp.edu.ar/auger/aires/eg_AiresDownload.html.

Nature of problem: Simulation of high and ultra high energy underground particle showers.

Solution method: Modification of the AIRES 2.8.4 code to accommodate underground conditions.

Restrictions: In AIRES some processes that are not statistically significant on the atmosphere are not simulated. In particular, it does not include muon photonuclear processes. This imposes a limitation on the application of this package to a depth of 1 km of standard rock (or 2.5 km of water equivalent). Neutrinos are not tracked on the simulation, but their energy is taken into account in decays.

Running time: A TIERRAS for AIRES run of a 10²⁰ eV shower with statistical sampling (thinning) below 10¹² eV and 0.2 weight factor (see [1]) uses approximately 1 h of CPU time on an Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 at 2.4 GHz. It uses only one core, so 4 simultaneous simulations can be run on this computer. Aires includes a spooling system to run several simultaneous jobs of any type.

References:

[1] S. Sciutto, AIRES 2.6 User Manual, http://www.fisica.unlp.edu.ar/auger/aires/.