the stormy winter of 2013-14 caused up to 12 m of dune erosion on the Sefton coast, NW England
net sediment losses of 127 × 103 m3 and 268 × 103 m3 occurred from the upper beach and frontal dunes
these changes represent only a small perturbation on longer-term trends of coastal change
Formby Point lost 780 × 103 m3 of sediment 1999-2014, with gains of 2922 × 103 m3 to the N and S
LIDAR provides a powerful monitoring tool and should be undertaken before and after each winter