A multiphase shock tube with a novel device for actively rupturing diaphragm and an original apparatus for carrying particle wall is designed. The wave structures of the shock wave interaction with the dense packed particle wall are captured. The dynamic evolution model from dense packed particles to dense gas–solid cloud at the initial driving stage is established Increasing the sands diameter or mixing in small diameter sands can significantly attenuate the incident shock strength. The smaller particles or the particles in thinner wall can be dispersed into a larger range in the process of transform from dense packed particles to dense gas–solid cloud. Moreover, the stronger incident shock can disperse the particles into a larger region.