Shrinkage porosity and its alleviation by heavy reduction in continuously cast strand
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With a simplified model, the size of macro-porosity was predicted to be about 2.7 mm in diameter with the conditions used in this work.

Heavy reduction can effectively alleviate the porosity in the billets, also large reduction and high central solid fraction will promote this alleviation.

The heavy reduction was shown to be more effective in the improvement of porosity compared to the traditional soft reduction, and this was discussed with numerical analysis.

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