Vitamin D effects on musculoskeletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality¡ªA review of recent evidence

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• 作者：Pawel Pludowski ; Michael F. Holick ; Stefan Pilz ; Carol L. Wagner ; Bruce W. Hollis ; William B. Grant ; Yehuda Shoenfeld ; Elisabeth Lerchbaum ; David J. Llewellyn ; Katharina Kienreich ; Maya Soni
• 关键词：Vitamin D ; 25(OH)D level ; Falls ; Fractures ; Cardiovascular ; Cancer ; Immunity ; Autoimmunity ; Fertility ; Pregnancy ; Infancy ; Infections ; Mortality ; Dementia
• 刊名：Autoimmunity Reviews
• 出版年：2013
• 出版时间：August, 2013
• 年：2013
• 卷：12
• 期：10
• 页码：976-989
• 全文大小：364 K

文摘

Background

Optimal vitamin D intake and its status are important not only for bone and calcium-phosphate metabolism, but also for overall health and well-being. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency as a global health problem are likely to be a risk for wide spectrum of acute and chronic illnesses.

Methods

A review of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and other evidence of vitamin D action on various health outcomes.

Results

Adequate vitamin D status seems to be protective against musculoskeletal disorders (muscle weakness, falls, fractures), infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular disease, type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, several types of cancer, neurocognitive dysfunction and mental illness, and other diseases, as well as infertility and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. Vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is associated with all-cause mortality.

Conclusions

Adequate vitamin D supplementation and sensible sunlight exposure to reach optimal vitamin D status are among the front line factors of prophylaxis for the spectrum of disorders. Supplementation guidance and population strategies for the eradication of vitamin D deficiency must be included in the priorities of physicians, medical professionals and healthcare policy-makers.