After 6-OHDA lesions, beta band oscillations were enhanced in all three regions during walking.
The direction of information flow for beta oscillations among three structures was STN → M1, STN → PPN, and PPN → M1.
Beta activity in the PPN is transmitted from the basal ganglia and probably comes from the STN.
The STN may be a potential source of aberrant beta band oscillations in PD.
Beta oscillations may not be the major cause of axial symptoms.