It is the synergistic facial movement of the unpremeditated “flash” smile and the small movements in the formation of the vowel sounds and labial consonants which fail to occur in patients reanimated by revascularised, reinnervated muscle, despite the return of voluntary contraction and resting facial tone.
This study was undertaken to try to determine why these synergistic facial movements of short duration are so difficult to achieve.
Cross Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery |
Cross Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Volume 61, Issue 3, March 2008, Pages 250-256 Edward I. Lee, Keith A. Hurvitz, Gregory R.D. Evans, Garrett A. Wirth Abstract SummaryFacial paralysis is a relatively common disorder from which most people recover without complications. However, some are left with significant functional impairment and disfigurement, the treatment of which has challenged physicians for centuries. Within the spectrum of surgical procedures to reanimate the face is cross-facial nerve grafting. This article chronicles the history of cross-facial nerve grafting, including its past and present use, and describes various factors associated with its use. A brief discussion of aetiology and morbidity of facial paralysis and some fundamental surgical options will be presented. A complete review of these topics is beyond the scope of this manuscript.Purchase PDF (371 K) |
Cross Operative Techniques in Plastic and Reconstructive Surg... |
Cross Operative Techniques in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Volume 6, Issue 3, August 1999, Pages 174-179 Ralph T. Manktelow, Ronald M. Zuker Abstract The cross-facial nerve graft provides appropriate innervation from the nonparalyzed to the paralyzed side of the face. It is particularly important, as a preliminary procedure, to microneurovascular muscle transfer. Our preferred method of identifying suitable nerve branches is to expose all buccal zygomatic branches through a preauricular incision and then select the most appropriate branches using functional nerve stimulation. By using the short nerve-graft technique, it may be possible to obtain stronger innervation for the transferred muscle. Purchase PDF (6470 K) |
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