Global Burden of Urologic Cancers, 1990-2013

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• 作者：Geolani W. Dy^a ; ^b ; John L. Gore^a ; Mohammad H. Forouzanfar^b ; Mohsen Naghavi^b ; Christina Fitzmaurice^b ; ^c ; ^Cf11@uw.edu
• 关键词：Kidney cancer ; Bladder cancer ; Prostate cancer ; Trends ; Incidence ; Mortality
• 刊名：European Urology
• 出版年：2017
• 出版时间：March 2017
• 年：2017
• 卷：71
• 期：3
• 页码：437-446
• 全文大小：1080 K
• 卷排序：71

文摘

Kidney, prostate, and bladder cancers increase with age and are influenced partly by modifiable risk factors. Urological cancer rates may increase substantially amid a growing, aging population.ObjectiveTo describe kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and risk factor-attributable bladder and kidney cancer deaths between 1990 and 2013, by age, sex, and development status.Evidence acquisitionCancer mortality data were derived from global vital registries. Incidence data from cancer registries were transformed to mortality estimates using separately estimated mortality incidence ratios. These sources served as input data for an ensemble modeling approach to estimate bladder, prostate, and kidney cancer mortality. Cause-specific mortality estimates were transformed into incidence estimates using mortality incidence ratios.Evidence synthesisIn 2013, 2.1 million kidney, bladder, and prostate cancers cases occurred worldwide, increasing 2.5-fold since 1990. Mortality increased 1.6-fold between 1990 and 2013. Eight-two percent of new cases in 2013 occurred in individuals aged 60 yr and older. Men from developed countries had the highest age-standardized death rates among all three cancers. Smoking-attributable kidney cancer deaths decreased while obesity-related deaths rose, most prominently in women from developing countries. Smoking-related bladder cancer deaths increased among women from developed countries and decreased among men.ConclusionsUrologic cancer burden has increased globally amid population growth and aging. High income countries face the highest incidence and death rates; however, obesity-attributed kidney cancer deaths are increasing in developing countries. Efforts to expand the global oncologic workforce and reduce preventable factors may lessen cancer disparities in developing countries.Patient summaryWe describe the impact of population growth, aging, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and obesity, on kidney, bladder, and prostate cancer rates worldwide. More new cancer cases and deaths occur in developed countries compared with developing countries. In addition to preventive efforts, healthcare systems must emphasize training of a urologic oncology workforce.