The 780 Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) isolates from 13 Indian states were pathotyped into six races.
Races 4 and 6 were predominant in north-western India; while races 2 and 3 were in north-eastern India.
Xoo population consisted of both less and more virulent races from a particular location.
Rice R-genes, Xa1, Xa2 were less effective compared to Xa4, Xa11, xa13, and Xa21.
We demonstrated 21 Xop and 18 TAL effectors in the most virulent and predominant Indian Xoo race 4.