Icariside II ameliorated cognitive deficits and neuronal morphological damage.
Icariside II reduced the level of PDE5 in STZ rat.
Icariside II attenuated the level of Aβ in STZ rat by down-regulation of APP and BACE1 and up-regulation of NEP.
Icariside II inhibited the overexpression of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2 and TGF-β1 induced by STZ.
Icariside II prevented IκB-α degradation and NF-κB activation induced by STZ.