Comparison of Emissions and Residential Exposure from Traditional and Improved Cookstoves in Kenya
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- 作者：Majid Ezzati ; Bernard M. Mbinda ; and Daniel M. Kammen
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2000
- 出版时间：February 15, 2000
- 年：2000
- 卷：34
- 期：4
- 页码：578 - 583
- 全文大小：212K
- 年卷期：v.34,no.4(February 15, 2000)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Suspended particulate matter and carbon emissions fromthe combustion of biomass, in addition to their environmentalconsequences, have been causally associated withthe incidence of respiratory and eye infections. Improvedstoves offer the potential for emissions reduction. Wecompare the emissions of suspended particulate matterand carbon monoxide from traditional and improved biofuelstoves in Kenya under the actual conditions of householduse. Data for analysis is from 137 14-h days of continuousreal-time emission concentration monitoring in a total of 38households. Our analysis shows that improved (ceramic)wood-burning stoves reduce daily average suspendedparticulate matter concentration by 48% (1822 
g/m3; 95%C.I. 663-2982) during the active burning period and by77% (1034 g/m3; 95% C.I. 466-1346) during the smoulderingphase. Ceramic stoves also reduce the median and the75th and 95th percentiles of daily emission concentrationduring the burning period and the 95th percentile during thesmouldering phase, and therefore shift the overallemission profile downward. Improved charcoal-burningstoves also offer reductions in indoor air pollution comparedto the traditional metal stove, but these are not statisticallysignificant. The greatest reduction in emission concentration is achieved as a result of transition from wood tocharcoal where mean emission concentrations drop by 87%(3035 g/m3; 95% C.I. 2356-3500) during the burningperiod and by 92% (1121 g/m3; 95% C.I. 626-1216) whensmouldering as well as large reductions in the medianand 75th and 95th percentiles. These results indicate thattransition to charcoal, followed by the use of improvedwood stoves, are viable options for reduction of humanexposure to indoor air pollution in many developing nations.
g/m3; 95%C.I. 663-2982) during the active burning period and by77% (1034 g/m3; 95% C.I. 466-1346) during the smoulderingphase. Ceramic stoves also reduce the median and the75th and 95th percentiles of daily emission concentrationduring the burning period and the 95th percentile during thesmouldering phase, and therefore shift the overallemission profile downward. Improved charcoal-burningstoves also offer reductions in indoor air pollution comparedto the traditional metal stove, but these are not statisticallysignificant. The greatest reduction in emission concentration is achieved as a result of transition from wood tocharcoal where mean emission concentrations drop by 87%(3035 g/m3; 95% C.I. 2356-3500) during the burningperiod and by 92% (1121 g/m3; 95% C.I. 626-1216) whensmouldering as well as large reductions in the medianand 75th and 95th percentiles. These results indicate thattransition to charcoal, followed by the use of improvedwood stoves, are viable options for reduction of humanexposure to indoor air pollution in many developing nations.