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Various bisindolylmaleimides have fluorescence emission maxima wavelengths longer than 500 nm, large Stokes shifts longer than 200 nm,different fluorescence emission wavelengths at an excitation wavelength of 365 nm, and a long-lasting chemiluminescence. The expansion ofthe
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-conjugation, the
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-bond electronic structure, and oxidation of the C=C bond at the 2,3-position of the maleimide moiety are crucial forproducing these fluorescence and chemiluminescence properties.