β-Amyrin Biosynthesis: Promiscuity for Steric Bulk at Position 23 in the Oxidosqualene Substrate and the Significance of Hydrophobic Interaction between the Methyl Group at Position 30 and the Binding Site
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- 作者：Ikki Kaneko ; Tsutomu Hoshino
- 刊名：Journal of Organic Chemistry
- 出版年：2016
- 出版时间：August 5, 2016
- 年：2016
- 卷：81
- 期：15
- 页码：6657-6671
- 全文大小：798K
- 年卷期：0
- ISSN：1520-6904
文摘
To examine how the sterics at the 23 position of (3S)-2,3-oxidosqualene 1 influence the polycyclization cascade in β-amyrin biosynthesis, substrate analogues substituted with an ethyl group (10, 11), a hydrogen atom (12, 13), or a propyl residue (14) at the 23 position were incubated with β-amyrin synthase. The bulkier ethyl group was accepted as a substrate, leading to formation of the β-amyrin skeleton (42, 43) without truncation of the multiple cyclization reactions. Analogue 13, possessing a hydrogen atom and an ethyl group at the 23E and 23Z positions, respectively, was also converted into the β-amyrin skeleton 45. However, the analogue lacking an ethyl group at the 23Z position (12) underwent almost no conversion, strongly indicating that an alkyl group must exist at the Z position. The cyclization of the analogue with a propyl substituent at the Z position (14) was poor. Analogue 15 possessing CH2OH at the 23E position afforded a new compound 47 in a high yield as a result of trapping of the final oleanyl cation. Conversely, 16 with 23Z-CH2OH afforded novel compounds 48–50 in low yields, which resulted from the intermediary dammarenyl and baccharenyl cations. Therefore, the hydrophobic interaction between the 23Z-alkyl group and its binding site (possibly via CH/π interaction) is critical for adopting the correct chair–chair–chair–boat–boat conformation and for the full cyclization cascade.