The Role of Additives for Diesel and Diesel Blended (Ethanol or Biodiesel) Fuels: A Review

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• 作者：Nú ; bia M. Ribeiro ; Angelo C. Pinto ; Cristina M. Quintella ; Gisele O. da Rocha ; Leonardo S. G. Teixeira ; Lí ; lian L. N. Guarieiro ; Maria do Carmo Rangel ; M&aacute ; rcia C. C. Veloso ; Michelle
• 刊名：Energy & Fuels
• 出版年：2007
• 出版时间：July 2007
• 年：2007
• 卷：21
• 期：4
• 页码：2433 - 2445
• 全文大小：119K
• 年卷期：v.21,no.4(July 2007)
• ISSN：1520-5029

文摘

Around the world, there is a growing increase in biofuels consumption, mainly ethanol and biodiesel aswell as their blends with diesel that reduce the cost impact of biofuels while retaining some of the advantagesof the biofuels. This increase is due to several factors like decreasing the dependence on imported petroleum;providing a market for the excess production of vegetable oils and animal fats; using renewable andbiodegradable fuels; reducing global warming due to its closed carbon cycle by CO₂ recycling; increasinglubricity; and reducing substantially the exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, andparticulate emissions from diesel engines. However, there are major drawbacks in the use of biofuel blends asNOx tends to be higher, the intervals of motor parts replacement such as fuel filters are reduced and degradationby chronic exposure of varnish deposits in fuel tanks and fuel lines, paint, concrete, and paving occurs assome materials are incompatible. Here, fuel additives become indispensable tools not only to decrease thesedrawbacks but also to produce specified products that meet international and regional standards like EN 14214,ASTM D 6751, and DIN EN 14214, allowing the fuels trade to take place. Additives improve ignition andcombustion efficiency, stabilize fuel mixtures, protect the motor from abrasion and wax deposition, and reducepollutant emissions, among other features. Two basic trends are becoming more relevant: the progressivereduction of sulfur content and the increased use of biofuels. Several additives' compositions may be used aslong as they keep the basic chemical functions that are active.