Distinctive Toxicity of TiO2 Rutile/Anatase Mixed Phase Nanoparticles on Caco-2 Cells

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• 作者：Kirsten Gerloff ; Ivana Fenoglio ; Emanuele Carella ; Julia Kolling ; Catrin Albrecht ; Agnes W. Boots ; Irmgard F枚rster ; Roel P. F. Schins
• 刊名：Chemical Research in Toxicology
• 出版年：2012
• 出版时间：March 19, 2012
• 年：2012
• 卷：25
• 期：3
• 页码：646-655
• 全文大小：436K
• 年卷期：v.25,no.3(March 19, 2012)
• ISSN：1520-5010

文摘

Titanium dioxide has a long-standing use as a food additive. Micrometric powders are, e.g., applied as whiteners in confectionary or dairy products. Possible hazards of ingested nanometric TiO₂ particles for humans and the potential influence of varying specific surface area (SSA) are currently under discussion. Five TiO₂-samples were analyzed for purity, crystallinity, primary particle size, SSA, 味 potential, and aggregation/agglomeration. Their potential to induce cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage was evaluated in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Only anatase-rutile containing samples, in contrast to the pure anatase samples, induced significant LDH leakage or mild DNA damage (Fpg-comet assay). Evaluation of the metabolic competence of the cells (WST-1 assay) revealed a highly significant correlation between the SSA of the anatase samples and cytotoxicity. The anatase/rutile samples showed higher toxicity per unit surface area than the pure anatase powders. However, none of the samples affected cellular markers of oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that both SSA and crystallinity are critical determinants of TiO₂-toxicity toward intestinal cells.