C60 in Water: Nanocrystal Formation and Microbial Response

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• 作者：J. D. Fortner ; D. Y. Lyon ; C. M. Sayes ; A. M. Boyd ; J. C. Falkner ; E. M. Hotze ; L. B. Alemany ; Y. J. Tao ; W. Guo ; K. D. Ausman ; V. L. Colvin ; and J. B. Hughes
• 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
• 出版年：2005
• 出版时间：June 1, 2005
• 年：2005
• 卷：39
• 期：11
• 页码：4307 - 4316
• 全文大小：1191K
• 年卷期：v.39,no.11(June 1, 2005)
• ISSN：1520-5851

文摘

Upon contact with water, under a variety of conditions,C₆₀ spontaneously forms a stable aggregate with nanoscaledimensions (d = 25-500 nm), termed here "nano-C₆₀".The color, hydrophobicity, and reactivity of individual C₆₀are substantially altered in this aggregate form. Herein, weprovide conclusive lines of evidence demonstrating thatin solution these aggregates are crystalline in order andremain as underivatized C₆₀ throughout the formation/stabilization process that can later be chemically reversed.Particle size can be affected by formation parameterssuch as rates and the pH of the water addition. Once formed,nano-C₆₀ remains stable in solution at or below ionicstrengths of 0.05 I for months. In addition to demonstratingaggregate formation and stability over a wide range ofconditions, results suggest that prokaryotic exposure to nano-C₆₀ at relatively low concentrations is inhibitory, indicatedby lack of growth (0.4 ppm) and decreased aerobicrespiration rates (4 ppm). This work demonstrates the factthat the environmental fate, distribution, and biologicalrisk associated with this important class of engineerednanomaterials will require a model that addresses not onlythe properties of bulk C₆₀ but also that of the aggregateform generated in aqueous media.