Chemical Comparison of Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis L.) Root Powder from Three Commercial Suppliers

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• 作者：Holly A. Weber ; Matthew K. Zart ; Andrew E. Hodges ; H. Michael Molloy ; Brandon M. O'Brien ; Leslie A. Moody ; Alice P. Clark ; Roger K. Harris ; J. Diane Overstreet ; and Cynthia S. Smith
• 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
• 出版年：2003
• 出版时间：December 3, 2003
• 年：2003
• 卷：51
• 期：25
• 页码：7352 - 7358
• 全文大小：113K
• 年卷期：v.51,no.25(December 3, 2003)
• ISSN：1520-5118

文摘

The characterization of herbal materials is a significant challenge to analytical chemists. Goldenseal(Hydrastis canadensis L.), which has been chosen for toxicity evaluation by NIEHS, is among thetop 15 herbal supplements currently on the market and contains a complex mixture of indigenouscomponents ranging from carbohydrates and amino acids to isoquinoline alkaloids. One keycomponent of herbal supplement production is botanical authentication, which is also recommendedprior to initiation of efficacy or toxicological studies. To evaluate material available to consumers,goldenseal root powder was obtained from three commercial suppliers and a strategy was developedfor characterization and comparison that included Soxhlet extraction, HPLC, GC-MS, and LC-MSanalyses. HPLC was used to determine the weight percentages of the goldenseal alkaloids berberine,hydrastine, and canadine in the various extract residues. Palmatine, an isoquinoline alkaloid nativeto Coptis spp. and other common goldenseal adulterants, was also quantitated using HPLC. GC-MSwas used to identify non-alkaloid constituents in goldenseal root powder, whereas LC-MS was usedto identify alkaloid components. After review of the characterization data, it was determined that alkaloidcontent was the best biomarker for goldenseal. A 20-min ambient extraction method for thedetermination of alkaloid content was also developed and used to analyze the commercial material.All three lots of purchased material contained goldenseal alkaloids hydrastinine, berberastine,tetrahydroberberastine, canadaline, berberine, hydrastine, and canadine. Material from a singlesupplier also contained palmatine, coptisine, and jatrorrhizine, thus indicating that the material wasnot pure goldenseal. Comparative data for three commercial sources of goldenseal root powder arepresented.Keywords: Goldenseal; Hydrastis canadensis L.; alkaloids; palmatine; berberine; hydrastine; canadine;HPLC; GC-MS; LC-MS