Air鈥揥ater Exchange of Brominated Anisoles in the Northern Baltic Sea
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- 作者：Terry F. Bidleman ; Kathleen Agosta ; Agneta Andersson ; Peter Haglund ; Olle Nygren ; Matyas Ripszam ; Mats Tysklind
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2014
- 出版时间：June 3, 2014
- 年：2014
- 卷：48
- 期：11
- 页码：6124-6132
- 全文大小：386K
- 年卷期：v.48,no.11(June 3, 2014)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Bromophenols produced by marine algae undergo O-methylation to form bromoanisoles (BAs), which are exchanged between water and air. BAs were determined in surface water of the northern Baltic Sea (Gulf of Bothnia, consisting of Bothnian Bay and Bothnian Sea) during 2011鈥?013 and on a transect of the entire Baltic in September 2013. The abundance decreased in the following order: 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (2,4,6-TBA) > 2,4-dibromoanisole (2,4-DBA) 2,6-dibromoanisole (2,6-DBA). Concentrations of 2,4-DBA and 2,4,6-TBA in September were higher in the southern than in the northern Baltic and correlated well with the higher salinity in the south. This suggests south-to-north advection and dilution with fresh riverine water enroute, and/or lower production in the north. The abundance in air over the northern Baltic also decreased in the following order: 2,4,6-TBA > 2,4-DBA. However, 2,6-DBA was estimated as a lower limit due to breakthrough from polyurethane foam traps used for sampling. Water/air fugacity ratios ranged from 3.4 to 7.6 for 2,4-DBA and from 18 to 94 for 2,4,6-TBA, indicating net volatilization. Flux estimates using the two-film model suggested that volatilization removes 980鈥?360 kg of total BAs from Bothnian Bay (38000 km2) between May and September. The release of bromine from outgassing of BAs could be up to 4鈥?% of bromine fluxes from previously reported volatilization of bromomethanes and bromochloromethanes.