Echinacea Species and Alkamides Inhibit Prostaglandin E2 Production in RAW264.7 Mouse Macrophage Cells
详细信息 查看全文
- 作者：Carlie A. LaLone ; Kimberly D. P. Hammer ; Lankun Wu ; Jaehoon Bae ; Norma Leyva ; Yi Liu ; Avery K. S. Solco ; George A. Kraus ; Patricia A. Murphy ; Eve S. Wurtele ; Ok-Kyung Kim ; Kwon II Seo ; Mark P. Widrlec
- 刊名：Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- 出版年：2007
- 出版时间：September 5, 2007
- 年：2007
- 卷：55
- 期：18
- 页码：7314 - 7322
- 全文大小：532K
- 年卷期：v.55,no.18(September 5, 2007)
- ISSN：1520-5118
文摘
Inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 mousemacrophage cells was assessed with an enzyme immunoassay following treatments with Echinaceaextracts or synthesized alkamides. Results indicated that ethanol extracts diluted in media to aconcentration of 15 
g/mL from E. angustifolia, E. pallida, E. simulata, and E. sanguinea significantlyinhibited PGE2 production. In further studies, PGE2 production was significantly reduced by allsynthesized alkamides assayed at 50 M, by Bauer alkamides 8, 12A analogue, and 14, Chenalkamide 2, and Chen alkamide 2 analogue at 25 M and by Bauer alkamide 14 at 10 M. Cytotoxicitydid not play a role in the noted reduction of PGE2 production in either the Echinacea extracts orsynthesized alkamides. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis identified individualalkamides present at concentrations below 2.8 M in the extracts from the six Echinacea species(15 g/mL crude extract). Because active extracts contained <2.8 M of specific alkamide and theresults showed that synthetic alkamides must have a minimum concentration of 10 M to inhibitPGE2, it is likely that alkamides may contribute toward the anti-inflammatory activity of Echinacea ina synergistic or additive manner.
g/mL from E. angustifolia, E. pallida, E. simulata, and E. sanguinea significantlyinhibited PGE2 production. In further studies, PGE2 production was significantly reduced by allsynthesized alkamides assayed at 50 M, by Bauer alkamides 8, 12A analogue, and 14, Chenalkamide 2, and Chen alkamide 2 analogue at 25 M and by Bauer alkamide 14 at 10 M. Cytotoxicitydid not play a role in the noted reduction of PGE2 production in either the Echinacea extracts orsynthesized alkamides. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis identified individualalkamides present at concentrations below 2.8 M in the extracts from the six Echinacea species(15 g/mL crude extract). Because active extracts contained <2.8 M of specific alkamide and theresults showed that synthetic alkamides must have a minimum concentration of 10 M to inhibitPGE2, it is likely that alkamides may contribute toward the anti-inflammatory activity of Echinacea ina synergistic or additive manner.