Fumaramide derivatives
were analyzed in solution by
1H NMR spectroscopy and in the solidstate by X-ray crystallography in order to characterize the formation of CH···O interactions under eachcondition and to thereby serve as models for these interactions in peptide and protein structure. Solutionsof fumaramides at 10 mM in CDCl
3 were titrated
with DMSO-
d6, resulting in chemical shifts that moveddo
wnfield for the CH groups thought to participate in CH···O=S(CD
3)
2 hydrogen bonds concurrent
withNH···O=S(CD
3)
2 hydrogen bonding. In this model, nonparticipating CH groups under the same conditionssho
wed no significant change in chemical shifts bet
ween 0.0 and 1.0 M DMSO-
d6 and then moved upfieldat higher DMSO-
d6 concentrations. At concentrations above 1.0 M DMSO-
d6, the directed CH···O=S(CD
3)
2hydrogen bonds provide protection from random DMSO-
d6 contact and prevent the chemical shifts forparticipating CH groups from moving upfield beyond the original value observed in CDCl
3. X-ray crystalstructures identified CH···O=C hydrogen bonds alongside intermolecular NH···O=C hydrogen bonding, aresult that supports the solution
1H NMR spectroscopy results. The solution and solid-state data thereforeboth provide evidence for the presence of CH···O hydrogen bonds formed concurrent
with NH···O hydrogenbonding in these structures. The CH···O=C hydrogen bonds in the X-ray crystal structures are similar tothose described for antiparallel
![](/images/gifchars/beta2.gif)
-sheet structure observed in protein X-ray crystal structures.