Elimination of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands
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- 作者：Ví ; ctor Matamoros ; Josep M. Bayona
- 刊名：Environmental Science & Technology
- 出版年：2006
- 出版时间：September 15, 2006
- 年：2006
- 卷：40
- 期：18
- 页码：5811 - 5816
- 全文大小：146K
- 年卷期：v.40,no.18(September 15, 2006)
- ISSN：1520-5851
文摘
Removal efficiency and elimination rates of 11 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were measuredin two subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands(SSFs) characterized by different water depths (i.e. 0.3 and0.5 m) in a 2-year study. Dissolved and particulatephases of wastewater and gravel samples were collectedand analyzed. The PPCP influent concentration rangedfrom 1 to 25 
mages/entities/mgr.gif">g L-1. The best removal efficiency was foundin the shallower bed SSF due to its less negative redoxpotential. PPCPs were classified in four groups accordingto their removal behavior: (i) the efficiently removed(>80%) namely caffeine, salicylic acid, methyl dihydrojasmonate, and carboxy-ibuprofen, (ii) the moderatelyremoved (50-80%) namely ibuprofren, hydroxy-ibuprofen,and naproxen, (iii) the recalcitrant to the eliminationnamely ketoprofen and diclofenac, and, finally, (iv) compoundsthat were eliminated by hydrophobic interactions namelypolycyclic musks (i.e. galaxolide and tonalide). Thesecompounds were removed more than 80% from the effluentbut occurred at high concentrations (up to 824 mages/entities/mgr.gif">g kg-1)in the gravel bed. Accordingly, their elimination by sorptiononto the organic matter retained is the predominantremoval mechanism. Furthermore, the constructed wetlandclogging appears to induce a negative effect in thePPCP degradation in the SSF evaluated. The PPCP eliminationclassified as efficiently and moderately removed throughthe shallow bed fitted to either zero- or a first-order arealkinetics. Finally, the apparent distribution coefficientsbetween suspended solids (Kd'ss) or gravel bed (Kd'gb)and water were determined in the different sampling pointsof the wetland obtaining values comparable to thedescribed previously for sewage sludge.