Pyrochlore oxides show a large variety of physical and chemical properties depending on the ordering/disordering of the cations and oxygen vacancies. Taking account of these structural features and the luminescentproperties of lanthanides, a new family of colored materials is investigated. This paper studies the structuralevolution of the erbium titanate system with temperature to establish its influence on the color properties.The success on the development of color is completely related to the sol-gel preparation method, underliningits higher reactivity compared to classical solid-state synthesis. After firing at 700
C, the sol-gel materialdevelops an intense pink coloration whose intensity significantly diminishes at 800
C. X-ray diffraction andRietveld refinements indicated the presence of nanocrystals with a fluorite-like structure at 700
C, responsiblefor the intense coloration, which suffers a gradual atomic rearrangement toward an "ideal" pyrochlore phase.These results were corroborated by infrared and Raman measurements. UV-vis spectroscopy showed theinfluence of the Er
3+-O bond covalence on the spectral properties. This study opens new perspectives to thedevelopment of more ecological colored sol-gel materials based on rare earth elements. Furthermore, thecombination of the optical aspects with the classical pyrochlore properties (magnetization, heat capacity,conductivity, etc.) would provide new multifunctional materials for advanced applications.